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中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******
中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文•麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。
资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀 摄由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
东西问丨短评：为何越处于两岸关系低谷，越要疾呼民间交流？****** 中新社北京12月30日电 题：为何越处于两岸关系低谷，越要疾呼民间交流？ 中新社记者 杨程晨  2022年是“九二共识”达成30周年，也是两岸开启交流往来的第35年。这一年，台湾社会民心求变求新。“思”字在有关两岸关系的年度汉字评选中高票当选，其背后是同胞的异地相思，真挚寄望交流恢复、人员往来。  8月27日，2022年全球华侨华人促进中国和平统一大会在四川举行。中新社记者 韩海丹 摄台湾位于祖国东南，故称“登陆”发展为西进。两岸打破政治阻隔的民间往来始于1987年，台湾的大陆籍老兵返乡探亲的呼声得以实现。自此，海峡不再成为阻碍，两岸民众进入共振时间，交流合作逾趋热络，西进蔚然成风。及至后来两岸各领域融合发展不断深化。 一个“思”字，反映的是两岸民众对于局势的现实心境。 回首2022，在台湾“九合一”选举、佩洛西窜访以及台美频密勾连的背景下，台海局势暗潮汹涌，两岸关系多次面临风高浪急的挑战。针对外部干涉之举，大陆方面坚决反制，在政治、经济、外交、法律及军事方面强力震慑分裂及干涉势力。中共二十大所展现的反分裂、反干涉决心彰显人民意志。 即便受到民进党当局阻挠和新冠疫情的不利影响，两岸民众希望交流合作、和平发展的呼声从未减弱。无论从当前、还是长远看，大陆依旧是台湾发展最坚实的倚靠，大陆高质量发展的持续推进为两岸经贸往来提供了新机遇。台湾工商团体跨海赴交流、台湾民众至盼“小三通”彻底重启，基层期待互动的真实声音正在放大，被更多人听见。 道阻且长，行则将至。大陆方面坚定致力于促进两岸经济文化交流合作，深化两岸各领域融合发展，是为和平统一打造更广阔的民众基础，为两岸关系铺垫长久基石。两岸关系的前路仍有风浪、风险。即便如此，两岸交流、特别是民众之间的往来都不应中断。这是两岸主流民意的真实反映。  福建省漳州古城里的“台湾路”老街彰显漳台两地的历史渊源。龚雯 摄一则例证是，尽管近年两岸青年交流颇为不易，但台湾学生西进热情不减。通过交换生项目到大陆的台生活跃于两岸社交媒体上，客观展现大陆生活。他们对中新社记者说，将在大陆的经历视作难能可贵的人生“加分项”，“无论是回到台湾还是留在大陆，都是很好的参照和铺垫”。 待疫情阴霾逐渐散去，当务之急就是排除干扰、克服障碍，尽快恢复两岸民间各领域、全方位、深层次的交流往来。让两岸同胞在交流融合中看清事实、认清真相，越来越多、越来越深地投身于两岸融合发展的大潮。  12月2日，第十届海峡青年节“黄巷·两岸青年文化交流周”活动在福州市三坊七巷黄巷启幕，台湾台中市同期举行。吕明 摄所谓“相见情已深，未语可知心”，越是在有人离间同胞感情、煽动同胞敌对之时，越能看出两岸同胞骨肉天亲的可贵；越是处于两岸关系的低谷、险境，越需珍视交流，越要呼吁往来。 兄弟既翕，和乐且湛。血脉的连结是两岸关系相向而行最持续的动力。年度汉字评选寄托两岸民众的新年愿望，折射的是两岸同胞的共同期盼。(完)
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